Borobudur, Pawon, dan Mendut terbujur dalam satu garis lurus yang menunjukan kesatuan perlambang
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Lukisan karya G.B. Hooijer (dibuat kurun 1916—1919) merekonstruksi suasana di Borobudur pada masa jayanya
For articles about districts with the same name, see Borobudur, Magelang.Borobudurstupa Borobudur.jpgBuddha statue and stupa BorobudurBorobudur is located in IndonesiaBorobudurLocations in IndonesiaGeneral informationThe architectural style stupa and templeCity District Borobudur, about 3 km from the city Mungkid (capital city of Magelang regency, Central Java)Indonesian countryCoordinates 7.608 ° S 110.204 ° EStart of construction around 770 ADCompleted around 825 ADclients Sailendratechnical detailsSystem terraced pyramid structure of the composition of andesite stone blocks which interlockThe size of the base area 123 × 123 meters, 35 meters high now, the original height of 42 meters (including chattra)Design and constructionarchitects GunadharmaBorobudurBorobudur 3.jpgUNESCO World Heritage SitesIndonesian countryType CultureCriteria i, ii, viID 592UNESCO Asia-Pacific RegionInaugural year, 1991 (15th session)Borobudur is a Buddhist temple located at Borobudur, Magelang, Central Java, Indonesia. The location of the temple is approximately 100 km southwest of Semarang, 86 km to the west of Surakarta, and 40 km northwest of Yogyakarta. Stupa shaped temple was founded by the Mahayana Buddhists around the year 800 AD during the reign of the Sailendra dynasty. Borobudur is the largest Buddhist temple or shrine in the world, [1] [2] and one of the largest Buddhist monument in the world. [3]
This monument consists of six terraces squares on which there are three courtyards circular, the walls are decorated with 2,672 relief panels and originally there were 504 statues of Buddha. [4] Borobudur has a collection of reliefs of Buddha most complete in the world. [3] The main stupa is the largest teletak in the middle once crowned this building, surrounded by three rows of circular 72 perforated stupas in which there is a statue of buddha sitting cross-legged in the lotus position perfectly with mudra (hand gesture) Dharmachakra mudra (turning the wheel of dharma).
This monument is a model of the universe and was built as a shrine to honor Buddha also functions as a place of pilgrimage to lead mankind to switch from natural lust to enlightenment and wisdom according to the teachings of Buddha. [5] The pilgrims enter through the east side start the ritual in the temple grounds walk this sacred building circling clockwise, while continuing to ascend to the next steps through the three levels of the realm in Buddhist cosmology. These three levels it is Kamadhatu (the realm of lust), Rupadhatu (the realm of intangibles), and Arupadhatu (the realm of the intangible). In this journey the pilgrim goes through a series of hallways and staircases with no less than 1,460 witnessed the beautiful relief panels carved on the walls and balustrades.
According to historical evidence, Borobudur was abandoned in the 14th century as the weakening of the influence of the kingdom of Hinduism and Buddhism in Java and begin the influence of Islam. [6] The world began to realize the existence of this building since it was discovered in 1814 by Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles, who was then as the British Governor General of Java. Since then Borobudur has suffered a series of rescue and restoration efforts. The restoration project was held in the period 1975 to 1982 for the efforts of the Government of the Republic of Indonesia and UNESCO, and the historical sites included in the list of World Heritage Sites. [3]
Borobudur is still used as a place of religious pilgrimage; Annual Buddhists who come from all over Indonesia and abroad gather at Borobudur to celebrate Vesak Trisuci. In the world of tourism, attractions Borobudur is Indonesia's single most visited by tourists. [7] [8] [9]
